Arraystar GlycoRNA Array combines methods of biochemical capture of glycoRNA and RNA detection by microarray to quantify and profile glycoRNA expression. The integration of these two advanced techniques leverages the strengths of both methods for high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy.

The array covers a wide range of glycosylated RNA classes, including Y-RNAs/Y-RNA fragments, tRNAs, tsRNAs (tiRNAs & tRFs), pre-miRNAs, miRNAs, snRNAs/snRNA fragments, snoRNAs/snoRNA fragments, and rRNAs/rRNA fragments.

Using this cutting-edge approach, researchers can gain comprehensive glycoRNA expression details to discover and understand this new class of RNA molecules in gene regulation, cellular functions and human diseases.

What Are GlycoRNAs?  GlycoRNAs are glycosylated small non-coding RNAs, including Y-RNAs, tRNAs, miRNAs, small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). 

Why Study GlycoRNAs?  GlycoRNAs have emerged as a new area of study in cancer, cardiovascular,  neurological, immune, and respiratory diseases, opening up new avenues into novel biomarker and therapeutic applications. 
 

GlycoRNAs can be captured by biochemical methods such as lectin binding, metabolic labeling/click chemistry, and periodate oxidation and aldehyde labeling (pAL). The captured glycoRNAs can be detected and quantified by Arraystar GlycoRNA microarray. The integration of glycoRNA capture techniques with GlycoRNA microarray leverages the strengths of both technologies: the specific glycoRNA capture and high sensitivity/specificity/accuracy of RNA detection by the microarray. It represents the state of the art approach in the field of glycoRNA biology. Researchers can now gain detailed and comprehensive glycoRNA profiling information in the new scientific areas of glycoRNA molecular/cellular functions and biology/disease. Below are some key advantages of Arraystar GlycoRNA Array approach:

Comprehensive glycosylated RNA profiling

Arraystar GlycoRNA array simultaneously covers a wide range of small RNA classes, including Y-RNAs/Y-RNA fragments, tRNAs, tsRNAs (tiRNAs & tRFs), pre-miRNAs, miRNAs, snRNAs/snRNA fragments, snoRNAs/snoRNA fragments, and rRNAs/rRNA fragments. GlycoRNA detection by sequencing would require separate specialized sequencing chemistry and sequencing runs for different classes of these small RNAs due to their unique biochemical properties.

Increased sensitivity and reliability

The glycoRNA capture step ensures that the glycoRNA detection signals indeed come from the glycosylated RNAs, reducing the false positives and increasing the result reliability. With  the glycoRNA capture combined with extremely high sensitivity of microarray signals, the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio allows for better detection of glycoRNAs even at low-abundance.

Discovery of novel glycoRNAs

Arraystar GlycoRNA microarray includes all small RNAs in the genome regardless previously known or unknown for glycosylation. A glyco-captured RNA detected on the microarray will be identified as a novel glycoRNA if not reported previously. So there is no worry if the pre-printed microarray has the ability as sequencing to discover novel glycoRNAs.

Unprecedented scientific and medical opportunities

Empowered by the easily accessible ready-to-use glycoRNA array profiling data, researchers can now explore many unprecedented scientific areas opened up by this new class of glycoRNA molecules: RNA glycosylation and glycosylated RNAs in gene, cell, and molecular regulation, glycoRNA based/sequence-specific cell surface and extracellular interactions and communications, new class of ligands for receptors, novel biological and disease functions, new pharmaceutical targets, and new extracellular biomarkers amenable for dual immunological and sequence detections.

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Arraystar GlycoRNA Microarray is the most sensitive, effective, and robust method for GlycoRNA profiling and analysis. Rich bioinformatic analyses and annotation for GlycoRNAs are included with the profiling data.

Table 1.  Differentially expressed GlycoRNAs

Symbol: GlycoRNA symbol

Trans_type: Transcript biotype

Precursor: Precursor ID/Symbol for the small RNA derived fragments

Description: Annotation description

Fold Change: Fold change between the comparison groups

Regulation: Up- or down- regulation comparing Group1 vs Group2

P-value: p-value by t-test